GPIO Digital Input

Overview

GPIO digital input is used to read buttons, switches, digital sensor signals, etc. Supports pull-up/pull-down modes; some types support interrupts and button event detection.

Supported Peripheral Types

Type	type Value	Description
GPIO_DIGITAL_INPUT	11	Floating input
GPIO_DIGITAL_INPUT_PULLUP	13	Internal pull-up input
GPIO_DIGITAL_INPUT_PULLDOWN	14	Internal pull-down input
GPIO_INTERRUPT_RISING	18	Rising edge interrupt
GPIO_INTERRUPT_FALLING	19	Falling edge interrupt
GPIO_INTERRUPT_CHANGE	20	Level change interrupt
GPIO_TOUCH	21	Touch input

Button Event Detection

Only PULLUP(13) and PULLDOWN(14) types support built-in button event detection:

Event	eventId	Description
Single Click	button_click	Short press and release
Double Click	button_double_click	Two consecutive short presses
Long Press 2s	button_long_press_2s	Hold for 2 seconds
Long Press 5s	button_long_press_5s	Hold for 5 seconds
Long Press 10s	button_long_press_10s	Hold for 10 seconds
Press	button_press	Moment of button press
Release	button_release	Moment of button release

For digital input troubleshooting, first check pull-up/pull-down and default levels; for buttons, door sensors, PIR modules, etc., it is recommended to first confirm events in logs before connecting to peripheral execution rules.

When event trigger is not working, first confirm whether the input generates an eventId, then check whether the rule is enabled, whether triggerPeriphId matches, and whether the action can be executed manually.

Typical Applications

Application	Type	Wiring
Button	PULLUP(13)	One end to GPIO, other end to GND
IR Obstacle Avoidance	PULLUP(13)	DO → GPIO (low level when obstacle detected)
PIR Motion Sensor	PULLDOWN(14)	OUT → GPIO (high level when motion detected)
Reed Switch	PULLUP(13)	Signal pin → GPIO
Beam Photoelectric	PULLUP(13)	DO → GPIO

Configuration

Method 1: Web Interface Configuration (Recommended)

For GPIO input peripherals, verify input mode, pin number, and whether pull-up/pull-down is needed.

Step 1: Navigate to Peripheral Management Page

1. Open a browser and navigate to the ESP32 IP address
2. After logging in, click Peripheral Configuration in the left menu

Step 2: Add GPIO Digital Input Peripheral

1. Click the Add Peripheral button

2. Fill in the configuration:

   Field	Value	Description
   Peripheral ID	btn1 or pir1	Unique identifier
   Name	Function Button or PIR Motion Detection	Display name
   Peripheral Type	GPIO Digital Input Pull-up (type: 13)	Recommended for buttons
   Pin Configuration	0 or 27	Fill according to actual wiring

3. Click Save

Step 3: Verify Configuration

1. Find the newly added peripheral in the peripheral list
2. Click the Enable toggle
3. Check real-time status value

💡 Tip: PULLUP(13) and PULLDOWN(14) types support button event detection (single click, double click, long press)

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Method 2: JSON Configuration File Import

Add the following configuration to the peripherals array in data/config/peripherals.json:

Button Input (Pull-up)

{
  "id": "btn1",
  "name": "Function Button",
  "type": 13,
  "enabled": false,
  "pins": [0],
  "params": {
    "initialState": 0,
    "pwmChannel": 0,
    "pwmFrequency": 1000,
    "pwmResolution": 8,
    "defaultDuty": 0
  }
}

PIR Motion Sensor (Pull-down)

{
  "id": "pir1",
  "name": "PIR Motion Detection",
  "type": 14,
  "enabled": false,
  "pins": [27],
  "params": {
    "initialState": 0,
    "pwmChannel": 0,
    "pwmFrequency": 1000,
    "pwmResolution": 8,
    "defaultDuty": 0
  }
}

Interrupt Input (Rising Edge)

{
  "id": "interrupt1",
  "name": "Count Interrupt",
  "type": 18,
  "enabled": false,
  "pins": [34],
  "params": {
    "initialState": 0,
    "pwmChannel": 0,
    "pwmFrequency": 1000,
    "pwmResolution": 8,
    "defaultDuty": 0
  }
}

Peripheral Execution Integration

As Platform Trigger Data Source

Digital input state changes are reported via MQTT and can be used as platform trigger conditions:

{
  "triggerType": 0,
  "triggerPeriphId": "btn1",
  "operatorType": 0,
  "compareValue": "0"
}

As Event Trigger Source

Button events can directly trigger peripheral execution rules:

{
  "triggerType": 4,
  "triggerPeriphId": "btn1",
  "eventId": "button_click"
}

When triggerPeriphId is empty, the corresponding event from any button will trigger the rule.

Web Interface Configuration Steps

Create Event Trigger Rule

1. Click Peripheral Execution in the left menu
2. Click the Add Rule button
3. Configure event trigger:
   • Trigger Type: Event Trigger
   • Event Source: btn1
   • Event Type: button_click (single click)
4. Add action (e.g., control LED or relay)
5. Click Save

Notes

1. Pull-up/Pull-down Selection: Buttons typically use pull-up (press connects to GND); active sensors like PIR are selected based on output polarity
2. Debounce Handling: System has built-in software debounce (~50ms), no external debounce circuit needed
3. Interrupt Pins: All ESP32 GPIOs can configure interrupts, but avoid time-consuming operations in interrupt callbacks
4. Touch Pins: ESP32 only GPIO 0/2/4/12/13/14/15/27/32/33 support TOUCH function
5. GPIO34-39: ESP32 GPIO 34-39 only support input, no internal pull-up/pull-down